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Question 1:

A company has an AWS CodePipeline pipeline that is configured with an Amazon S3 bucket in the EU-west-1 Region. The pipeline deploys an AWS Lambda application to the same Region. The pipeline consists of an AWS CodeBuild project build action and an AWS CloudFormation deploy action.

The CodeBuild project uses the aws cloudformation package AWS CLI command to build an artifact that contains the Lambda function code\’s .zip file and the CloudFormation template. The CloudFormation deploy action references the CloudFormation template from the output artifact of the CodeBuild project\’s build action.

The company wants to also deploy the Lambda application to the us-east-1 Region by using the pipeline in eu-west-1. A DevOps engineer has already updated the CodeBuild project to use the aws cloudformation package command to produce an additional output artifact for us-east-1.

Which combination of additional steps should the DevOps engineer take to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

A. Modify the CloudFormation template to include a parameter for the Lambda function code\’s zip file location. Create a new CloudFormation deploy action for us-east-1 in the pipeline. Configure the new deploy action to pass in the us-east-1 artifact location as a parameter override.

B. Create a new CloudFormation deploy action for us-east-1 in the pipeline. Configure the new deploy action to use the CloudFormation template from the us-east-1 output artifact.

C. Create an S3 bucket in us-east-1. Configure the S3 bucket policy to allow CodePipeline to have read and write access.

D. Create an S3 bucket in us-east-1. Configure S3 Cross-Region Replication (CRR) from the S3 bucket in eu-west-1 to the S3 bucket in us-east-1.

E. Modify the pipeline to include the S3 bucket for us-east-1 as an artifact store. Create a new CloudFormation deploy action for us-east-1 in the pipeline. Configure the new deploy action to use the CloudFormation template from the us-east1 output artifact.

Correct Answer: AB

Question 2:

A company has multiple member accounts that are part of an organization in AWS Organizations. The security team needs to review every Amazon EC2 security group and their inbound and outbound rules. The security team wants to programmatically retrieve this information from the member accounts using an AWS Lambda function in the management account of the organization.

Which combination of access changes will meet these requirements? (Choose three.)

A. Create a trust relationship that allows users in the member accounts to assume the management account IAM role.

B. Create a trust relationship that allows users in the management account to assume the IAM roles of the member accounts.

C. Create an IAM role in each member account that has access to the AmazonEC2ReadOnlyAccess managed policy.

D. Create an I AM role in each member account to allow the sts: AssumeRole action against the management account IAM role\’s ARN.

E. Create an I AM role in the management account that allows the sts: AssumeRole action against the member accounts IAM role\’s ARN.

F. Create an IAM role in the management account that has access to the AmazonEC2ReadOnlyAccess managed policy.

Correct Answer: BCE

Question 3:

A DevOps team manages an API running on-premises that serves as a backend for an Amazon API Gateway endpoint. Customers have been complaining about high response latencies, which the development team has verified using the API Gateway latency metrics in Amazon CloudWatch. To identify the cause, the team needs to collect relevant data without introducing additional latency.

Which actions should be taken to accomplish this? (Choose two.)

A. Install the CloudWatch agent server side and configure the agent to upload relevant logs to CloudWatch.

B. Enable AWS X-Ray tracing in API Gateway, modify the application to capture request segments, and upload those segments to X-Ray during each request.

C. Enable AWS X-Ray tracing in API Gateway, modify the application to capture request segments, and use the X-Ray daemon to upload segments to X-Ray.

D. Modify the on-premises application to send log information back to API Gateway with each request.

E. Modify the on-premises application to calculate and upload statistical data relevant to the API service requests to CloudWatch metrics.

Correct Answer: AC

Question 4:

A company has an application that runs on a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances. The application requires frequent restarts. The application logs contain error messages when a restart is required. The application logs are published to a log group in Amazon CloudWatch Logs.

An Amazon CloudWatch alarm notifies an application engineer through an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic when the logs contain a large number of restart-related error messages. The application engineer manually restarts the application on the instances after the application engineer receives a notification from the SNS topic.

A DevOps engineer needs to implement a solution to automate the application restart on the instances without restarting the instances.

Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient manner?

A. Configure an AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook that runs a script to restart the application on the instances. Configure the SNS topic to invoke the runbook.

B. Create an AWS Lambda function that restarts the application on the instances. Configure the Lambda function as an event destination of the SNS topic.

C. Configure an AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook that runs a script to restart the application on the instances. Create an AWS Lambda function to invoke the runbook. Configure the Lambda function as an event destination of the SNS topic.

D. Configure an AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook that runs a script to restart the application on the instances. Configure an Amazon EventBridge rule that reacts when the CloudWatch alarm enters the ALARM state. Specify the runbook as a target of the rule.

Correct Answer: B

Question 5:

A development team is using AWS CodeCommit to version control application code and AWS CodePipeline to orchestrate software deployments. The team has decided to use a remote main branch as the trigger for the pipeline to integrate code changes. A developer has pushed code changes to the CodeCommit repository but noticed that the pipeline had no reaction, even after 10 minutes.

Which of the following actions should be taken to troubleshoot this issue?

A. Check that an Amazon EventBridge rule has been created for the main branch to trigger the pipeline.

B. Check that the CodePipeline service role has permission to access the CodeCommit repository.

C. Check that the developer\’s IAM role has permission to push to the CodeCommit repository.

D. Check to see if the pipeline failed to start because of CodeCommit errors in Amazon CloudWatch Logs.

Correct Answer: A

Question 6:

An online retail company based in the United States plans to expand its operations to Europe and Asia in the next six months. Its product currently runs on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer. The instances run in an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group across multiple Availability Zones. All data is stored in an Amazon Aurora database instance.

When the product is deployed in multiple regions, the company wants a single product catalog across all regions, but for compliance purposes, its customer information and purchases must be kept in each region.

How should the company meet these requirements with the LEAST amount of application changes?

A. Use Amazon Redshift for the product catalog and Amazon DynamoDB tables for customer information and purchases.

B. Use Amazon DynamoDB global tables for the product catalog and regional tables for the customer information and purchases.

C. Use Aurora with read replicas for the product catalog and additional local Aurora instances in each region for customer information and purchases.

D. Use Aurora for the product catalog and Amazon DynamoDB global tables for customer information and purchases.

Correct Answer: C

Question 7:

A company\’s developers use Amazon EC2 instances as remote workstations. The company is concerned that users can create or modify EC2 security groups to allow unrestricted inbound access.

A DevOps engineer needs to develop a solution to detect when users create unrestricted security group rules. The solution must detect changes to security group rules in near real-time, remove unrestricted rules, and send email notifications to the security team. The DevOps engineer has created an AWS Lambda function that checks for security group ID from input, removes rules that grant unrestricted access, and sends notifications through Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS).

What should the DevOps engineer do next to meet the requirements?

A. Configure the Lambda function to be invoked by the SNS topic. Create an AWS CloudTrail subscription for the SNS topic. Configure a subscription filter for security group modification events.

B. Create an Amazon EventBridge scheduled rule to invoke the Lambda function. Define a schedule pattern that runs the Lambda function every hour.

C. Create an Amazon EventBridge event rule that has the default event bus as the source. Define the rule\’s event pattern to match EC2 security group creation and modification events. Configure the rule to invoke the Lambda function.

D. Create an Amazon EventBridge custom event bus that subscribes to events from all AWS services. Configure the Lambda function to be invoked by the custom event bus.

Correct Answer: C

Question 8:

A company has an application that is using a MySQL-compatible Amazon Aurora Multi-AZ DB cluster as the database. A cross-Region read replica has been created for disaster recovery purposes. A DevOps engineer wants to automate the promotion of the replica so it becomes the primary database instance in the event of a failure.

Which solution will accomplish this?

A. Configure a latency-based Amazon Route 53 CNAME with health checks so it points to both the primary and replica endpoints. Subscribe an Amazon SNS topic to Amazon RDS failure notifications from AWS CloudTrail and use that topic to invoke an AWS Lambda function that will promote the replica instance as the primary.

B. Create an Aurora custom endpoint to point to the primary database instance. Configure the application to use this endpoint. Configure AWS CloudTrail to run an AWS Lambda function to promote the replica instance and modify the custom endpoint to point to the newly promoted instance.

C. Create an AWS Lambda function to modify the application\’s AWS CloudFormation template to promote the replica, apply the template to update the stack, and point the application to the newly promoted instance. Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm to invoke this Lambda function after the failure event occurs.

D. Store the Aurora endpoint in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store. Create an Amazon EventBridge event that detects the database failure and runs an AWS Lambda function to promote the replica instance and update the endpoint URL stored in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store. Code the application to reload the endpoint from the Parameter Store if a database connection fails.

Correct Answer: D

Question 9:

A company\’s security team requires that all external Application Load Balancers (ALBs) and Amazon API Gateway APIs are associated with AWS WAF web ACLs. The company has hundreds of AWS accounts, all of which are included in a single organization in AWS Organizations. The company has configured AWS Config for the organization. During an audit, the company finds some externally facing ALBs that are not associated with AWS WAF web ACLs.

Which combination of steps should a DevOps engineer take to prevent future violations? (Choose two.)

A. Delegate AWS Firewall Manager to a security account.

B. Delegate Amazon GuardDuty to a security account.

C. Create an AWS Firewall Manager policy to attach AWS WAF web ACLs to any newly created ALBs and API Gateway APIs.

D. Create an Amazon GuardDuty policy to attach AWS WAF web ACLs to any newly created ALBs and API Gateway APIs.

E. Configure an AWS Config managed rule to attach AWS WAF web ACLs to any newly created ALBs and API Gateway APIs.

Correct Answer: AC

Question 10:

A company uses AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) keys and manual key rotation to meet regulatory compliance requirements. The security team wants to be notified when any keys have not been rotated after 90 days.

Which solution will accomplish this?

A. Configure AWS KMS to publish to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic when keys are more than 90 days old.

B. Configure an Amazon EventBridge event to launch an AWS Lambda function to call the AWS Trusted Advisor API and publish it to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic.

C. Develop an AWS Config custom rule that publishes to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic when keys are more than 90 days old.

D. Configure AWS Security Hub to publish to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic when keys are more than 90 days old.

Correct Answer: C

Question 11:

A company provides an application to customers. The application has an Amazon API Gateway REST API that invokes an AWS Lambda function. On initialization, the Lambda function loads a large amount of data from an Amazon DynamoDB table. The data load process results in long cold-start times of 8-10 seconds. The DynamoDB table has DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) configured.

Customers report that the application intermittently takes a long time to respond to requests. The application receives thousands of requests throughout the day. In the middle of the day, the application experiences 10 times more requests than at any other time of the day. Near the end of the day, the application\’s request volume decreases to 10% of its normal total.

A DevOps engineer needs to reduce the latency of the Lambda function at all times of the day.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Configure provisioned concurrency on the Lambda function with a concurrency value of 1. Delete the DAX cluster for the DynamoDB table.

B. Configure reserved concurrency on the Lambda function with a concurrency value of 0.

C. Configure provisioned concurrency on the Lambda function. Configure AWS Application Auto Scaling on the Lambda function with provisioned concurrency values set to a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 100.

D. Configure reserved concurrency on the Lambda function. Configure AWS Application Auto Scaling on the API Gateway API with a reserved concurrency maximum value of 100.

Correct Answer: C

Question 12:

An e-commerce company is receiving reports that its order history page is experiencing delays in reflecting the processing status of orders. The order processing system consists of an AWS Lambda function that uses reserved concurrency. The Lambda function processes order messages from an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue and inserts processed orders into an Amazon DynamoDB table. The DynamoDB table has auto-scaling enabled for read and write capacity.

Which actions should a DevOps engineer take to resolve this delay? (Choose two.)

A. Check the ApproximateAgeOfOldestMessage metric for the SQS queue. Increase the Lambda function concurrency limit.

B. Check the ApproximateAgeOfOldestMessage means for the SQS queue Configure a drive policy on the SQS queue.

C. Check the NumberOfMessagesSent metric for the SQS queue. Increase the SQS queue visibility timeout.

D. Check the WriteThrottleEvents metric for the DynamoDB table. Increase the maximum write capacity units (WCUs) for table\’s scaling policy.

E. Check the Throttles metric for the Lambda function. Increase the Lambda function timeout.

Correct Answer: AD

Question 13:

A company wants to use AWS CloudFormation for infrastructure deployment. The company has strict tagging and resource requirements and wants to limit the deployment to two Regions. Developers will need to deploy multiple versions of the same application.

Which solution ensures resources are deployed in accordance with company policy?

A. Create AWS Trusted Advisor checks to find and remediate unapproved CloudFormation StackSets.

B. Create a Cloud Formation drift detection operation to find and remediate unapproved CloudFormation StackSets.

C. Create CloudFormation StackSets with approved CloudFormation templates.

D. Create AWS Service Catalog products with approved CloudFormation templates.

Correct Answer: D

Question 14:

A DevOps engineer is creating an AWS CloudFormation template to deploy a web service. The web service will run on Amazon EC2 instances in a private subnet behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The DevOps engineer must ensure that the service can accept requests from clients that have IPv6 addresses.

What should the DevOps engineer do with the CloudFormation template so that IPv6 clients can access the web service?

A. Add an IPv6 CIDR block to the VPC and the private subnet for the EC2 instances. Create route table entries for the IPv6 network, use EC2 instance types that support IPv6, and assign IPv6 addresses to each EC2 instance.

B. Assign each EC2 instance an IPv6 Elastic IP address. Create a target group, and add the EC2 instances as targets. Create a listener on port 443 of the ALB, and associate the target group with the ALB.

C. Replace the ALB with a Network Load Balancer (NLB). Add an IPv6 CIDR block to the VPC and subnets for the NLB, and assign the NLB an IPv6 Elastic IP address.

D. Add an IPv6 CIDR block to the VPC and subnets for the ALB. Create a listener on port 443. and specify the dual-stack IP address type on the ALB. Create a target group, and add the EC2 instances as targets. Associate the target group with the ALB.

Correct Answer: B

Question 15:

A company must encrypt all AMIs that the company shares across accounts. A DevOps engineer has access to a source account where an unencrypted custom AMI has been built. The DevOps engineer also has access to a target account where an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group will launch EC2 instances from the AMI. The DevOps engineer must share the AMI with the target account.

The company has created an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key in the source account.

Which additional steps should the DevOps engineer perform to meet the requirements? (Choose three.)

A. In the source account, copy the unencrypted AMI to an encrypted AMI. Specify the KMS key in the copy action.

B. In the source account, copy the unencrypted AMI to an encrypted AMI. Specify the default Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) encryption key in the copy action.

C. In the source account, create a KMS grant that delegates permissions to the Auto Scaling group service-linked role in the target account.

D. In the source account, modify the key policy to give the target account permission to create a grant. In the target account, create a KMS grant that delegates permissions to the Auto Scaling group service-linked role.

E. In the source account, share the unencrypted AMI with the target account.

F. In the source account, share the encrypted AMI with the target account.

Correct Answer: ACD

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