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| leads4pass | AWS Certified DevOps Engineer – Professional | Q16-Q30 | DOP-C02 dumps (Q1-Q15) |
New Q16:
A large enterprise is deploying a web application on AWS. The application runs on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer. The instances run in an Auto Scaling group across multiple Availability Zones. The application stores data in an Amazon RDS for Oracle DB instance and Amazon DynamoDB. There are separate environments for development testing and production.
What is the MOST secure and flexible way to obtain password credentials during deployment?
A. Retrieve an access key from an AWS Systems Manager secure string parameter to access AWS services. Retrieve the database credentials from a Systems Manager SecureString parameter.
B. Launch the EC2 instances with an EC2 1 AM role to access AWS services Retrieve the database credentials from AWS Secrets Manager.
C. Retrieve an access key from an AWS Systems Manager plaintext parameter to access AWS services. Retrieve the database credentials from a Systems Manager SecureString parameter.
D. Launch the EC2 instances with an EC2 1 AM role to access AWS services Store the database passwords in an encrypted config file with the application artifacts.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: AWS Secrets Manager is a secrets management service that helps you protect access to your applications, services, and IT resources. This service enables you to easily rotate, manage, and retrieve database credentials, API keys, and other secrets throughout their lifecycle. Using Secrets Manager, you can secure and manage secrets used to access resources in the AWS Cloud, on third-party services, and on-premises. SSM parameter store and AWS Secret manager are both secure options. However, Secrets Manager is more flexible and has more options like password generation.
Reference: https://www.1strategy.com/blog/2019/02/28/aws-parameter-store-vs-aws- secrets-manager/
New Q17:
A Company uses AWS CodeCommit for source code control. Developers apply their changes to various feature branches and create pull requests to move those changes to the main branch when the changes are ready for production.
The developers should not be able to push changes directly to the main branch. The company applied the AWSCodeCommitPowerUser managed policy to the developers\’ IAM role, and now these developers can push changes to the main branch directly on every repository in the AWS account.
What should the company do to restrict the developers\’ ability to push changes to the main branch directly?
A. Create an additional policy to include a Deny rule for the GitPush and PutFile actions. Include a restriction for the specific restriction for the specific repositories in the policy repositories in the policy statement with a condition that references the main branch. Create an additional policy to include a Deny rule for the GitPush and PutFile actions Include a restriction for the specific repositories in the policy statement with a condition that references the main branch
B. Remove the IAM policy, and add an AWSCodeCommitReadOnly managed policy. Add an Allow rule for the GitPush and PutFile actions for the specific repositories in the policy statement with a condition that references the mam branch.
C. Modify the IAM policy Include a Deny rule for the GitPush and PutFile actions for the specific repositories in the policy statement with a condition that references the main branch.
D. Create an additional policy to include an Allow rule for the GitPush and PutFile actions. Include a restriction for the specific repositories in the policy statement with a condition that references the feature branches.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: By default, the AWSCodeCommitPowerUser managed policy allows users to push changes to any branch in any repository in the AWS account. To restrict the developers\’ ability to push changes to the main branch directly, an
additional policy is needed that explicitly denies these actions for the main branch.
The Deny rule should be included in a policy statement that targets the specific repositories and includes a condition that references the main branch. The policy statement should look something like this:
{
“Effect”: “Deny”,
“Action”: [
“codecommit:GitPush”,
“codecommit:PutFile”
],
“Resource”: “arn:aws:codecommit:::”, “Condition”: {
“StringEqualsIfExists”: {
“codecommit:References”: [
“refs/heads/main”
]
}
}
New Q18:
An IT team has built an AWS CloudFormation template so others in the company can quickly and reliably deploy and terminate an application. The template creates an Amazon EC2 instance with a user data script to install the application and an Amazon S3 bucket that the application uses to serve static web pages while it is running.
All resources should be removed when the CloudFormation stack is deleted. However, the team observes that CloudFormation reports an error during stack deletion, and the S3 bucket created by the stack is not deleted.
How can the team resolve the error in the MOST efficient manner to ensure that all resources are deleted without errors?
A. Add a DelelionPolicy attribute to the S3 bucket resource, with the value Delete forcing the bucket to be removed when the stack is deleted.
B. Add a custom resource with an AWS Lambda function with the DependsOn attribute specifying the S3 bucket, and an IAM role. Write the Lambda function to delete all objects from the bucket when RequestType is Delete.
C. Identify the resource that was not deleted. Manually empty the S3 bucket and then delete it.
D. Replace the EC2 and S3 bucket resources with a single AWS OpsWorks Stacks resource. Define a custom recipe for the stack to create and delete the EC2 instance and the S3 bucket.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/cloudformation- s3-custom-resources/
New Q19:
A company runs an application with an Amazon EC2 and on-premises configuration. A DevOps engineer needs to standardize patching across both environments. Company policy dictates that patching only happens during non-business hours.
Which combination of actions will meet these requirements? (Choose three.)
A. Add the physical machines into AWS Systems Manager using Systems Manager Hybrid Activations.
B. Attach an IAM role to the EC2 instances, allowing them to be managed by the AWS Systems Manager.
C. Create IAM access keys for the on-premises machines to interact with AWS Systems Manager.
D. Run an AWS Systems Manager Automation document to patch the systems every hour.
E. Use Amazon EventBridge scheduled events to schedule a patch window.
F. Use AWS Systems Manager Maintenance Windows to schedule a patch window.
Correct Answer: ABF
Explanation: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/systems-manager/latest/userguide/sysman- managed-instance-activation.html
New Q20:
A video-sharing company stores its videos in Amazon S3. The company has observed a sudden increase in video access requests, but the company does not know which videos are most popular. The company needs to identify the general access pattern for the video files. This pattern includes the number of users who access a certain file on a given day, as well as the numb A DevOps engineer manages a large commercial website that runs on Amazon EC2 The website uses Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to collect and process web togs The DevOps engineer manages the Kinesis consumer application, which also runs on Amazon EC2
Sudden increases in data cause the Kinesis consumer application to (be all behind and the Kinesis data streams drop records before the records can be processed The DevOps engineer must implement a solution to improve stream handling
Which solution meets these requirements with the MOST operational efficiency\’\’
er of pull requests for certain files.
How can the company meet these requirements with the LEAST amount of effort?
A. Activate S3 server access logging. Import the access logs into an Amazon Aurora database. Use an Aurora SQL query to analyze the access patterns.
B. Activate S3 server access logging. Use Amazon Athena to create an external table with the log files. Use Athena to create an SQL query to analyze the access patterns.
C. Invoke an AWS Lambda function for every S3 object access event. Configure the Lambda function to write the file access information, such as user. S3 bucket, and file key, to an Amazon Aurora database. Use an Aurora SQL query to analyze the access patterns.
D. Record an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log message for every S3 object access event. Configure a CloudWatch Logs log stream to write the file access information, such as user, S3 bucket, and file key, to an Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics for SQL application. Perform a sliding window analysis.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Activating S3 server access logging and using Amazon Athena to create an external table with the log files is the easiest and most cost-effective way to analyze access patterns. This option requires minimal setup and allows for quick analysis of the access patterns with SQL queries. Additionally, Amazon Athena scales automatically to match the query load, so there is no need for additional infrastructure provisioning or management.
New Q21:
A company has a guideline that every Amazon EC2 instance must be launched from an AMI that the company\’s security team produces Every month the security team sends an email message with the latest approved AMIs to all the development teams.
The development teams use AWS CloudFormation to deploy their applications. When developers launch a new service they have to search their email for the latest AMIs that the security department sent. A DevOps engineer wants to automate the process that the security team uses to provide the AMI IDs to the development teams.
What is the MOST scalable solution that meets these requirements?
A. Direct the security team to use CloudFormation to create new versions of the AMIs and to list! the AMI ARNs in an encrypted Amazon S3 object as part of the stack\’s Outputs Section Instruct the developers to use a cross-stack reference to load the encrypted S3 object and obtain the most recent AMI ARNs.
B. Direct the security team to use a CloudFormation stack to create an AWS CodePipeline pipeline that builds new AMIs and places the latest AMI ARNs in an encrypted Amazon S3 object as part of the pipeline output Instruct the developers to use a cross-stack reference within their own CloudFormation template to obtain the S3 object location and the most recent AMI ARNs.
C. Direct the security team to use Amazon EC2 Image Builder to create new AMIs and to place the AMI ARNs as parameters in the AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store Instruct the developers to specify a parameter of type SSM in their CloudFormation stack to obtain the most recent AMI ARNs from Parameter Store.
D. Direct the security team to use Amazon EC2 Image Builder to create new AMIs and to create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic so that every development team can receive notifications. When the development teams receive a notification instruct them to write an AWS Lambda function that will update their CloudFormation stack with the most recent AMI ARNs.
Correct Answer: C
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/dynamic- references.html
New Q22:
A company has many applications. Different teams in the company developed the applications by using multiple languages and frameworks. The applications run on-premises and on different servers with different operating systems. Each team has its own release protocol and process. The company wants to reduce the complexity of the release and maintenance of these applications.
The company is migrating its technology stacks, including these applications, to AWS. The company wants centralized control of source code, a consistent and automatic delivery pipeline, and as few maintenance tasks as possible on the underlying infrastructure.
What should a DevOps engineer do to meet these requirements?
A. Create one AWS CodeCommit repository for all applications. Put each application\’s code in a different branch. Merge the branches, and use AWS CodeBuild to build the applications. Use AWS CodeDeploy to deploy the applications to one centralized application server.
B. Create one AWS CodeCommit repository for each of the applications. Use AWS CodeBuild to build the applications one at a time. Use AWS CodeDeploy to deploy the applications to one centralized application server.
C. Create one AWS CodeCommit repository for each of the applications. Use AWS CodeBuild to build the applications one at a time and to create one AMI for each server. Use AWS CloudFormation StackSets to automatically provision and decommission Amazon EC2 fleets by using these AMIs.
D. Create one AWS CodeCommit repository for each of the applications. Use AWS CodeBuild to build one Docker image for each application in the Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR). Use AWS CodeDeploy to deploy the applications to Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) on the infrastructure that AWS Fargate manages.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: because of “as few maintenance tasks as possible on the underlying infrastructure”. Fargate does that better than “one centralized application server”
New Q23:
A company uses Amazon S3 to store proprietary information. The development team creates buckets for new projects on a daily basis. The security team wants to ensure that all existing and future buckets have encryption logging and versioning enabled. Additionally, no buckets should ever be publicly read or write accessible.
What should a DevOps engineer do to meet these requirements?
A. Enable AWS CloudTrail and configure automatic remediation using AWS Lambda.
B. Enable AWS Config rules and configure automatic remediation using AWS Systems Manager documents.
C. Enable AWS Trusted Advisor and configure automatic remediation using Amazon EventBridge.
D. Enable AWS Systems Manager and configure automatic remediation using Systems Manager documents.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/mt/aws-config-auto-remediation-s3- compliance/ https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/aws-config-rules-dynamic-compliance- checking-for-cloud-resources/
New Q24:
A company has an on-premises application that is written in Go. A DevOps engineer must move the application to AWS. The company\’s development team wants to enable blue/green deployments and perform A/B testing.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Deploy the application on an Amazon EC2 instance, and create an AMI of the instance. Use the AMI to create an automatic scaling launch configuration that is used in an Auto Scaling group. Use Elastic Load Balancing to distribute traffic. When changes are made to the application, a new AMI will be created, which will initiate an EC2 instance refresh.
B. Use Amazon Lightsail to deploy the application. Store the application in a zipped format in an Amazon S3 bucket. Use this zipped version to deploy new versions of the application to Lightsail. Use Lightsail deployment options to manage the deployment.
C. Use AWS CodeArtifact to store the application code. Use AWS CodeDeploy to deploy the application to a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances. Use Elastic Load Balancing to distribute the traffic to the EC2 instances. When making changes to the application, upload a new version to CodeArtifact and create a new CodeDeploy deployment.
D. Use AWS Elastic Beanstalk to host the application. Store a zipped version of the application in Amazon S3. Use that location to deploy new versions of the application. Use Elastic Beanstalk to manage the deployment options.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: https://aws.amazon.com/quickstart/architecture/blue-green-deployment/
New Q25:
A DevOps engineer manages a web application that runs on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The instances run in an EC2 Auto Scaling group across multiple Availability Zones. The engineer needs to implement a deployment strategy that:
Launches a second fleet of instances with the same capacity as the original fleet.
Maintains the original fleet unchanged while the second fleet is launched.
Transitions traffic to the second fleet when the second fleet is fully deployed.
Terminates the original fleet automatically 1 hour after transition.
Which solution will satisfy these requirements?
A. Use an AWS CloudFormation template with a retention policy for the ALB set to 1 hour. Update the Amazon Route 53 record to reflect the new ALB.
B. Use two AWS Elastic Beanstalk environments to perform a blue/green deployment from the original environment to the new one. Create an application version lifecycle policy to terminate the original environment in 1 hour.
C. Use AWS CodeDeploy with a deployment group configured with a blue/green deployment configuration Select the option Terminate the original instances in the deployment group with a waiting period of 1 hour.
D. Use AWS Elastic Beanstalk with the configuration set to Immutable. Create a .ebextension using the Resources key that sets the deletion policy of the ALB to 1 hour, and deploy the application.
Correct Answer: C
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/codedeploy/latest/APIReference/API_BlueInstanceTerminati onOption.html The original revision termination settings are configured to wait 1 hour after traffic has been rerouted before terminating the blue task set. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonECS/latest/developerguide/deployment-type- bluegreen.html
New Q26:
A development team is using AWS CodeCommit to version control application code and AWS CodePipeline to orchestrate software deployments. The team has decided to use a remote main branch as the trigger for the pipeline to integrate
code changes. A developer has pushed code changes to the CodeCommit repository but noticed that the pipeline had no reaction, even after 10 minutes.
Which of the following actions should be taken to troubleshoot this issue?
A. Check that an Amazon EventBridge rule has been created for the main branch to trigger the pipeline.
B. Check that the CodePipeline service role has permission to access the CodeCommit repository.
C. Check that the developer\’s IAM role has permission to push to the CodeCommit repository.
D. Check to see if the pipeline failed to start because of CodeCommit errors in Amazon CloudWatch Logs.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: When you create a pipeline from CodePipeline during the step-by-step it creates a CloudWatch Event rule for a given branch and repo like this:
{
“source”: [
“aws.codecommit”
],
“detail-type”: [
“CodeCommit Repository State Change”
],
“resources”: [
“arn:aws:codecommit:us-east-1:xxxxx:repo-name”
],
“detail”: {
“event”: [
“referenceCreated”,
“referenceUpdated”
],
“referenceType”: [
“branch”
],
“referenceName”: [
“master”
]
}
}
New Q27:
A DevOps engineer is working on a project that is hosted on Amazon Linux and has failed a security review. The DevOps manager has been asked to review the company build spec. yaml die for an AWS CodeBuild project and provide
recommendations. The build spec.
yaml file is configured as follows:
What changes should be recommended to comply with AWS security best practices? (Select THREE.)
A. Add a post-build command to remove the temporary files from the container before termination to ensure they cannot be seen by other CodeBuild users.
B. Update the CodeBuild project role with the necessary permissions and then remove the AWS credentials from the environment variable.
C. Store the db_password as a SecureString value in the AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store and then remove the db_password from the environment variables.
D. Move the environment variables to the \’db.-deploy-bucket `Amazon S3 bucket, add a prebuild stage to download then export the variables.
E. Use AWS Systems Manager to run command versus sec and ssh commands directly to the instance.
Correct Answer: BCE
Explanation: B. Update the CodeBuild project role with the necessary permissions and then remove the AWS credentials from the environment variable. C. Store the DB_PASSWORD as a SecureString value in the AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store and then remove the DB_PASSWORD from the environment variables. E. Use AWS Systems Manager to run command versus scp and ssh commands directly to the instance.
New Q28:
A company manages a web application that runs on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The EC2 instances run in an Auto Scaling group across multiple Availability Zones. The application uses an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance to store the data. The company has configured Amazon Route 53 with an alias record that points to the ALB.
A new company guideline requires a geographically isolated disaster recovery (DR> site with an RTO of 4 hours and an RPO of 15 minutes.
Which DR strategy will meet these requirements with the LEAST change to the application stack?
A. Launch a replica environment of everything except Amazon RDS in a different Availability Zone Create an RDS read replica in the new Availability Zone: and configure the new stack to point to the local RDS DB instance. Add the new stack to the Route 53 record set by using a hearth check to configure a failover routing policy.
B. Launch a replica environment of everything except Amazon RDS in a different AWS. Region Create an RDS read replica in the new Region and configure the new stack to point to the local RDS DB instance. Add the new stack to the Route 53 record set by using a health check to configure a latency routing policy.
C. Launch a replica environment of everything except Amazon RDS ma different AWS Region. In the event of an outage copy and restore the latest RDS snapshot from the primary. Region to the DR Region Adjust the Route 53 record set to point to the ALB in the DR Region.
D. Launch a replica environment of everything except Amazon RDS in a different AWS Region. Create an RDS read replica in the new Region and configure the new environment to point to the local RDS DB instance. Add the new stack to the Route 53 record set by using a health check to configure a failover routing policy. In the event of an outage promote the read replica to primary.
Correct Answer: D
New Q29:
A company has an application that runs on a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances. The application requires frequent restarts. The application logs contain error messages when a restart is required. The application logs are published to a log group in Amazon CloudWatch Logs.
An Amazon CloudWatch alarm notifies an application engineer through an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic when the logs contain a large number of restart-related error messages. The application engineer manually restarts the application on the instances after the application engineer receives a notification from the SNS topic. A DevOps engineer needs to implement a solution to automate the application restart on the instances without restarting the instances.
Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient manner?
A. Configure an AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook that runs a script to restart the application on the instances. Configure the SNS topic to invoke the runbook.
B. Create an AWS Lambda function that restarts the application on the instances. Configure the Lambda function as an event destination of the SNS topic.
C. Configure an AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook that runs a script to restart the application on the instances. Create an AWS Lambda function to invoke the runbook. Configure the Lambda function as an event destination of the SNS topic.
D. Configure an AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook that runs a script to restart the application on the instances. Configure an Amazon EventBridge rule that reacts when the CloudWatch alarm enters the ALARM state. Specify the runbook as a target of the rule.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: This solution meets the requirements in the most operationally efficient manner by automating the application restart process on the instances without restarting them. When the CloudWatch alarm enters the ALARM state, the EventBridge rule is triggered, which in turn invokes the Systems Manager Automation runbook that contains the script to restart the application on the instances.
New Q30:
A company uses AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) keys and manual key rotation to meet regulatory compliance requirements. The security team wants to be notified when any keys have not been rotated after 90 days.
Which solution will accomplish this?
A. Configure AWS KMS to publish to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic when keys are more than 90 days old.
B. Configure an Amazon EventBridge event to launch an AWS Lambda function to call the AWS Trusted Advisor API and publish it to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic.
C. Develop an AWS Config custom rule that publishes to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic when keys are more than 90 days old.
D. Configure AWS Security Hub to publish to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic when keys are more than 90 days old.
Correct Answer: C
…
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